Author: WaelBadawy

 
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How to Write a User-Friendly eBook

Right now, someone, somewhere will be embarking on the writing of an eBook. Why? Some do it to make some money; itís one of the easiest ways to start an online business.

Others do it to share information they may have for those in similar financial, social or medical situations; maybe you want to share how you beat cancer or how you got out of debt.
Whatever your reason, there are some basic rules to consider that will make the final product more professional and. So, let look at some of them.

Anyone that embarks on writing an eBook will undoubtedly have read many as well. You will know from this that you must write in an appealing way that maintains the readerís attention. After all, you want them to read ALL your eBook donít you? Plus, youíll want them to come back for more if you are building an online business.

There are many tricks you can use to keep your readersí attention.

Anecdotes give practical examples of what you are trying to explain. These give readers confidence that what you are saying really does work. They are also a great way of explaining complicated topics.

Images are also a powerful tool. They can make topics clearer and they will stick in a readerís mind longer than 5000 words of text. They also break the eBook up and give the reader ìmarkersî to parts that interest them.

Note-boxes or sidebars are also good for summarizing a point or providing additional information. Like images, they break the text up and make the reading experience more enjoyable.

Write in a conversational style so the reader feels that you are talking just to them. This way they feel that they are the only one benefiting from your information and that makes it more valuable to them.

Donít write long sentences or paragraphs. They become difficult to read and detract from the experience. Your eBook is more likely to be put down and not picked up again.

You should also change the length of your paragraphs and sentences so you donít send your readers to sleep. Blocks of text that are all the same length will lose the readerís attention and youíll be lucky of they are awake by Page 10!

We mentioned earlier the use of images as a way of breaking up text. It may be that you canít use images to any great extent; but there are other tricks.

A very powerful one is the use of numbered and bulleted lists. Even with the most basic of word-processing programs you can include different types of bullets and even use custom pictures as bullet icons. These make your topic easier for the reader to absorb and also to give them a mental break from blocks of text.

Finally, think about the design of your eBook. Select a font that’s easy to read, and stick to it. You may be tempted to change fonts as a way of trying to make it more interesting. Donít. All it does is confuse your readers and they will switch-off.

I recommend either one and a half or double line spacing. Spacing the lines too far apart make it difficult for the reader to track where they are. Too close makes it dull.

Also, choose a font size that is in proportion to the line spacing you are using. You can get away with a larger font (say 14 point) with 1.5 line spacing but 8 point will look weird. Experiment with different combinations to find one that suits you but remember – what looks OK on the screen may look dreadful in print. Think about how your readers are probably going to read the final eBook (most print PDF eBooks ñ the idea of the paperless world is myth!).

Lastly, add page numbers and a header to each page with the title of your eBook. Iíve lost count of the number of times I have been infuriated by the number of eBooks that donít have page numbers. Also, adding a title in the header is a good way of reminding the reader what they are reading and who wrote it. Donít overcrowd headers and footers but use them wisely to give branding to the eBook (your company name or web address if you sell online).

Most importantly, don’t forget to do a proper spelling and grammar check. You can even go to somewhere like elance.com and get someone to proof read it for you (for a fee). Itís worth it to end up with a credible eBook.

Like it or not, you and your topic will be judged by the standard of spelling and punctuation. Donít shortcut on quality for fear of some criticism. Itís better to find out before it is published.

That’s it! By following the simple steps above you have just written your eBook. All that is left for you to do is publish it online and get visitors to your website so they can read it. But those topics are a whole new ball-game and best left for another day.

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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I am the BRAND on online search engines

For the last 10+ years, many companies approached me and promise a better ranking for Google search and to get my link in the first page. This is the goal of many companies, which may be good.

Over the last two weeks, I was building my website and I deployed my experience on website development  and social media.

I was able to get my name in all links in the first 2 pages of google search and at least 8 out of 10 links in pages 3 – 12 of the search engine. I am now the brand who can appear 105 times out of 120 result  link.

I was able to be dominating the top 27search result out About 130,000 results, It basically demonstrate and I am listed in 134 out of the top 160 and I should conclude that I am the BRAND.

 

Similar results are achieved on Yahoo and BING, and the following images.  The following 17 images prove that my name dominates the top 16 pages search result and the following 2 images show the first pages of Ping and Yahoo search,

 

Can you do me a favour, search my name “Wael Badawy“ from your end on google.com, yahoo.com and bing.com and write in the comment if you find me that I am the Brand in your search

 

 

 

 

 

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Infoproducts – How to Earn More From Your Infoproduct Business

The best way to grow your infoproduct business is to create a physical product to compliment your digital one. By putting your ebook or software on a CD with a companion manual, and hiring a fulfillment house to process orders, you can sell it for more and create incentives for your affiliates to earn more.

What is the best way to build an infoproduct business or expand an already successful one?

Create a physical product

The hottest selling items on the Internet today are infoproducts. Ebooks, software, how-to courses, ezines, newsletters, self-improvement guides and an endless number of digital products are in demand on every conceivable topic. And with customersí ability to instantly download their purchases, producing and selling a quality infoproduct can be your road to success.

Although the beauty of infoproducts is the ability to instantly download, the best way to increase your profits for the same product is to burn it onto a CD and include a printed companion manual. Selling a kit that might also include an audio CD and some kind of bonus materials has several advantages.

You can charge more for a physical product. Customers are willing to pay more for something they can have in hand and keep on the shelf or at their disposal on their desk. An accompanying manual or any other printed material is great for reading on the train home from work. And who hasnít experienced the anticipation of the package delivery man at your door.

Another great benefit is that your affiliates now can earn larger commissions. Thereís no better way to attract more affiliates and encourage your existing affiliate base.

But what about all the storage, packaging and shipping? Wonít that take a lot of time?

Yes, if you did it yourself. But thatís not necessary. This is where the whole concept comes together.

Since your goal is to build your business, not to take orders, burn CDs, print booklets, and get them to the post office, you can farm out all the work to allow you to concentrate on marketing and producing more and better products. Naturally it will cost money to have a third party do the work, but, again, the time you save can be better used to build your business.

There are many resources available to help you:

Manuals and booklets

Printindustry.com is a website run by a group of professional printers set up to connect a print buyer with printing companies. When you submit your print request, letís say 500 copies of a 40-page booklet, it is emailed to all the member printing companies that specialize in that type of printing. They then respond directly to you with price quotes. This can save you huge amounts of time from shopping different sites for competitive quotes.

CDs and DVDs

Do a search for ìCD replication,î and you will find many sites that will replicate CDs and DVDs for very competitive prices. For example, nationwidecd.com and tripledisc.com, to name just two, can supply a CD in a paper sleeve for under a dollar each.

For a little extra they will supply a jewel case with inserts in black& white or color, card board or vinyl sleeves, and any kind of labels. Nationwidecd also does some printing, so you might find other sites that also do both.

Fulfillment

A fulfillment company warehouses your CDs, DVDs, manuals and booklets, puts them together and ships the orders. These companies handle every step from processing credit card payments to returns.

Fullfilmentadvisor.com is a good site to visit for resources on every aspect of fulfillment.
Here youíll find detailed articles on exactly how fulfillment companies work, how to choose a fulfillment house, problems to expect, costs, and more. There are also hundreds of links to companies that perform every type of fulfillment service.

Your role as a business owner is to provide the best product you can to your customers. Creating a physical package in addition to your digital product, and farming out the order processing and fulfillment, will allow you more time to focus on building your business and increasing your profits.

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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How To Write Lightening Fast Ebooks

The quickest way the write you own eBooks is by using the expert interview process. What I mean by this is, approaching some experts in the field your writing the book on and asking them to agree to do an interview.

If you approach these experts correctly, they will provide you with expert responses to all your questions. You will find these experts by checking search engines or related niche forums.

The easiest way to contact these experts, is by email with a list of questions. Before you submit questions or contact your expert, do your research on him/her. You need to approach these experts correctly therefore you need to consider the following points.

Keep your questions short and too the point: You will turn the person off if you are asking long winded questions, long questions lead to long answers and you donít want your expert to spend too much time.

Give a good introduction of yourself at the start of the email. You will have a better chance of reply because the respondent can evaluate you.

Take care of spelling and grammar: One spelling/grammar mistake could destroy your chances of getting the interview.

Have a deadline: You must have a deadline. This will help you plan your writing better and it will force your respondent to reply quicker.

Object of the interview: You must let the respondent know what the interview is for. For example is it for an ebook to resell or a free bonus to give away.

Appreciate the respondent: Let the expert know that you are a fan of his/her business or website etc. This helps get a much more positive response.

Something in return: The responder has to get something in return. He/She is not going to give time to do the interview for nothing. An example of an offer would usually consist of offering to share the profits of the ebook.

So believe me when I say this, if you approach these experts correctly you could get a huge volume of feedback and enough material to combine a best selling eboook

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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How to Write a Amazing Ebook

The hardest part of writing is the first sentence.
When you look at the whole project, it seems like an
impossible task. That’s why you have to break it down
into manageable tasks. Think of climbing a mountain.
You are standing at the foot of it and looking up at
its summit vanishing into the clouds. How can you
possibly scale such an immense and dangerous mountain?

There is only one way to climb a mountain ? step by
step.

Now think of writing your ebook in the same light. You
must create it step by step, and one day, you will
take that last step and find yourself standing on the
summit with your head in the clouds.

The first thing you have to do, as if you actually
were a mountain climber, is to get organized. Instead
of climbing gear, however, you must organize your
thoughts. There are some steps you should take before
you begin. Once you’ve gone through the following
list, you will be ready to actually begin writing your
ebook.

Beginning Steps to Writing an ebook

First, figure out your ebook’s working title. Jot down
a few different titles, and eventually, you’ll find
that one that will grow on you. Titles help you to
focus your writing on your topic; they guide you in
anticipating and answering your reader’s queries. Many
non-fiction books also have subtitles. Aim for clarity
in your titles, but cleverness always helps to sell
books ? as long as it’s not too cute. For example,
Remedies for Insomnia: twenty different ways to count
sheep. Or: Get off that couch: fifteen exercise plans
to whip you into shape.

Next, write out a thesis statement. Your thesis is a
sentence or two stating exactly what problem you are
addressing and how your book will solve that problem.
All chapters spring forth from your thesis statement.
Once you’ve got your thesis statement fine-tuned,
you’ve built your foundation. From that foundation,
your book will grow, chapter by chapter.

Your thesis will keep you focused while you write your
ebook. Remember: all chapters must support your thesis
statement. If they don’t, they don’t belong in your
book. For example, your thesis statement could read:
We’ve all experienced insomnia at times in our lives,
but there are twenty proven techniques and methods to
give you back a good night’s sleep.

Once you have your thesis, before you start to write,
make sure there is a good reason to write your book.
Ask yourself some questions:

* Does your book present useful information and is
that information currently relevant?

* Will you book positively affect the lives of your
readers?

* Is your book dynamic and will it keep the reader’s
attention?

* Does you book answer questions that are meaningful
and significant?

If you can answer yes to these questions, you can feel
confident about the potential of your ebook.

Another important step is to figure out who your
target audience is. It is this group of people you
will be writing to, and this group will dictate many
elements of your book, such as style, tone, diction,
and even length. Figure out the age range of your
readers, their general gender, what they are most
interested in, and even the socio-economic group they
primarily come from. Are they people who read fashion
magazines or book reviews? Do they write letters in
longhand or spend hours every day online. The more you
can pin down your target audience, the easier it will
be to write your book for them.

Next, make a list of the reasons you are writing your
ebook. Do you want to promote your business? Do you
want to bring quality traffic to your website? Do you
want to enhance your reputation?

Then write down your goals in terms of publishing. Do
you want to sell it as a product on your website, or
do you want to offer it as a free gift for filling out
a survey or for ordering a product? Do you want to use
the chapters to create an e-course, or use your ebook
to attract affiliates around the world? The more you
know upfront, the easier the actual writing will be.

Decide on the format of your chapters. In non-fiction,
keep the format from chapter to chapter fairly
consistent. Perhaps you plan to use an introduction to
your chapter topic, and then divide it into four
subhead topics. Or you may plan to divide it into five
parts, each one beginning with a relevant anecdote.

How to make your ebook “user friendly”

You must figure out how to keep your writing engaging.
Often anecdotes, testimonials, little stories, photos,
graphs, advice, and tips will keep the reader turning
the pages. Sidebars are useful for quick, accessible
information, and they break up the density of the
page.

Write with a casual, conversational tone rather than a
formal tone such as textbook diction. Reader’s respond
to the feeling that you are having a conversation with
them. Break up the length and structure of your
sentences so you don?t hypnotize your readers into
sleep. Sentences that are all the same length and
structure tend to be a good aid for insomnia!

Good writing takes practice. It takes lots and lots of
practice. Make a schedule to write at least a page a
day. Read books and magazines about the process of
writing, and jot down tips that jump out at you. The
art of writing is a lifetime process; the more you
write (and read), the better your writing will become.
The better your writing becomes, the bigger your sales
figures.

In an ebook that is read on the screen, be aware that
you must give your reader’s eye a break. You can do
this by utilizing white space. In art classes, white
space is usually referred to as “negative space.”
Reader’s eyes need to rest in the cool white oasises
you create on your page. If your page is too dense,
your reader will quit out of it as soon as their eyes
begin to tear.

Make use of lists, both bulleted and numbered. This
makes your information easy to absorb, and gives the
reader a mental break from dissecting your paragraphs
one after the other.

Finally, decide on an easy-to-read design. Find a font
that’s easy on the eyes, and stick to that font
family. Using dozens of fonts will only tire your
readers out before they’ve gotten past your
introduction. Use at least one and a half line
spacing, and text large enough to be read easily on
the screen, but small enough so that the whole page
can be seen on a computer screen. You will have to
experiment with this to find the right combination.

Of course, don’t forget to run a spell and grammar
check. You are judged by something as minor as correct
punctuation, so don?t mess up a great book by tossing
out semicolons randomly, or stringing sentences
together with commas. (By the way, that’s called a
“comma splice.”)

Last of all, create an index and a bibliography.
That’s it! You’ve written a book! Now all you have to
do is publish your ebook online, and wait for download
request from your website visitors.

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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Old Reference Works Revived

Why are people so interested in outdated and outmoded reference, typically rendered obsolete by subsequent research?

There is no source of reference remotely as authoritative as the Encyclopaedia Britannica. There is no brand as venerable and as veteran as this mammoth labour of knowledge and ideas established in 1768. It numbered the likes of Einstein and Freud among its authors. Dozens of classic articles written by such luminaries are available on the Britannica’s Web Site and included in its CD-ROM and DVD editions.

This is the tip of an iceberg of revival of old reference works.

The full text of the venerable 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica is now available online and is in the public domain. Regrettably, there is no CD-ROM or DVD to be had of this opus magnum written by the best minds at the turn of the 20th century. Nor can one download the Encyclopedia as separate compressed files. Additionally, the transcription is far from perfect with many an article either truncated or mysteriously divided. Still, it is a grand and welcome undertaking.

Another sorely needed contribution is the Jewish Encyclopedia online. The only other project of this scope, the Encyclopedia Judaica on CD-ROM will be withdrawn from the market by January 2006 and is anyhow incompatible with any operating system later than Windows ME.

Exactly like the Britannica, the Jewish Encyclopedia was compiled at the turn of the previous century and, therefore, lacks any coverage of the important events that took place in the life of the Jewish people – from the Holocaust to the State of Israel. But, with 4000 years of history to go on, the Jewish Encyclopedia is still a vast, indispensable, and deeply researched resource. It is also better adapted to the technological constraints of the Web. Still, it, too, offers no way of acquiring the whole work: no CD-ROM or DVD, no downloadable compressed files.

By far the best among the three is the Catholic Encyclopedia. The 1904 edition of this magnificent work of reference is fully and freely available online. The commercial CD-ROM includes all 11,600 articles (which I found to be surprisingly objective and free of religious bias). But both the Web site and the CD contain reams of additional material: from the writings of the Church Fathers to numerous foundational texts in the history of Catholicism.

The Web site itself is rich, easy to navigate, expertly done – but not cluttered or cutesy. The CD is a faithful rendition of the Encyclopedia’s Web presence – yet not a mere mirror. It takes advantage of search and other CD-only features and is user-friendly, not resource-hogging, easy to install and to run even on the Windows 98 SE 1996 laptop I used as a worst-scenario test bench.

Why are people so interested in outdated and outmoded reference, typically rendered obsolete by subsequent research?

Nostalgia is part of the answer. These works of reference are refreshingly direct, politically incorrect, opinionated, and innocently naive. They are reminiscent of another, more promising, age. Curiosity is another reason. What did our forefathers know or thought they knew about heredity, nationalism, the atom, the Jews, and germs? It is startling to discover both how far we have progressed and how much we have forgotten.

Then there is the trivia. Mountains of little-known facts about long-forgotten people, countries, politics, arts, and crafts. It is the closest we can get to time-travel and, so it seems, equally exciting. By exploring our roots, we get to know ourselves and in this narcissistic age and civilization – who can resist such a proposition?

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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The Real Secret to Earning Serious Cash selling eBooks

The best way to start an ebook business is to target a niche market. Starting a niche ebook business is a great way to earn serious cash. This is because it combines the advantages of starting an ebook business (i.e. no inventory, no shipping and instant deliveries) with those of targeting a niche (ie. less competition in the market and so more profit for you). The main steps to starting an ebook business are:

1) Find niche ideas
2) Research and Develop your ideas
3) Create a website for your niche

All this takes time and money to achieve so a great place you can find ready made niche ebook packages with FREE web template from which you can start your own niche ebook business.

The ebook market is hands-down one of the most profitable market to enter. Think about it – NO inventory, NO shipping, INSTANT deliveries and so many other advantages makes this industry one of the fastest growing markets available.

So what is the problem? The problem is that many of the businesses in the ebook market have ecommerce websites which sell a wide range of these ebooks. Many of these ebooks are old and out of date and to compensate for this problem, the ebooks are sold at low prices. To successfully compete, new businesses must sell these same ebooks at even lower prices and will therefore make little money. The best marketing tip is to start an ecommerce niche ebook business. This will help to differentiate your business from the other ones in the market.

What is a niche?
A niche is a small, specialised area within a market. The main thing to remember when starting your niche ebook business is to target a narrow customer base because this is your key to success. The idea here is to find a niche and then you either buy or create ebooks related to that niche area. For example, you could be a stay-at-home mom looking to start a home business. A good niche idea would be to start a business selling ebooks about babies. You could write your own ebooks or buy best-selling ebooks about babies and sell them to new mothers online. Narrowing the ebook market in this way will make you seem more of an expert in your field.

Once you have a list of possible niche ideas, you should do a lot of research. This is important even if you donít intend to write your own ebook because you will need to understand your market in order to successfully promote your business. Great places to gather information are online forums and websites related to your niche idea and ask questions about your niche idea. Find articles and other ebooks related to your topic. Research, Research and Research all ideas.

The next step is to narrow the list down to the ones you have enough information on. You must now determine whether there is actually a market for your chosem ideas i.e. whether there is enough customer demand. If you are starting a profit-making business you need enough people to buy your product so that you can make a profit. A great online resource to use is Nichebot (www.nichebot.com). This online keyword tool is great for helping to find out how many people are particularly interested in a particular keyword or keyphrase. You enter your keyword or keyphrase and you will get a list of related terms people searched for in the last month. As part of the results, you will also get the number of times people searched for your term and the related terms. This can be taken as a measure of demand.

You then need to determine the level of supply in the market. You do this by going to a search engine such as www.google.com and entering any of your keywords which had high demand. The number of search results found should be taken as supply. You should try to focus on niches which have relatively low supply. But, one important point to remember here is that some competition is good. Competition means that profit exists within that niche otherwise there would be no businesses operating there. Furthermore, competition means that there will be partners around for you to use in affiliate and joint venture programs. Also, you will be able to advertise on their sites and forums to seek traffic to your site. So supply should be low but it should not be non-existent. It should be low relative to consumer demand.

The niche idea which has relatively high customer demand and relatively low supply should be your new niche. U can now start writing your ebook. Once this is done, develop your website. If you are a beginner and you donít know how to do this.

Many of these steps to building a successful niche business such as research and web building, if done probably, can take a long time to do. So why not go to www.ebookpackagedeals.com to find some quality ready made niche ebook packages. These packages also include free templates that you could use to sell the ebooks.

Once you start selling and gaining some revenue, you can then start writing and publishing your own ebooks. You can develop your niche business even further by joining affiliate programs and joint venture schemes to sell other peoples products. You can establish your business so that when anybody wants some information from your niche market they would think about you first.

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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If you don't know me, GOOGLE Me

With he explosion of Digital world, everything is going online.

The Internet is a modern day phone book where people look for services, products, information, news, classes, and any number of other items of interest on a global scale. The Internet is accessible 24/7 through our computers, tablets and smart phones (which means we are always plugged in).

The world has changed. Social media is the way people communicate, advertise, promote and sell. It is the 21st century way of connecting. If you are not using social media to communicate and connect with your business, your business might as well be considered a hobby. Get active on Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram and/or Google+ so your business can thrive and build recognition (there are many other social media sites, but these are the big five). You must have a website. If you have a business and no website. People search the internet, cannot find you so you are do not exist.

People look for everything on the Internet. If you cannot be found within the first couple pages of the search results, it is like you do not exist. People are only going to go to the first or second page but they’re not going to go much further to find you. If they don’t find you, you’ve lost a potential client.

The world has gone digital and there is no escaping it. If you are unsure where to start to build your online presence, call me, email me, sign up on my website. I can help you develop your best-self online so you become recognized for the expert you are.

So, if you don’t know Me, please GOOGLE “Wael Badawy” and let me know.

 

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Today's Entertainment Encompasses Digital Videos, E-Books, and Audio

Today, we can get virtually of the information and entertainment we need with a few clicks of our mouse.

The digital revolution has transformed the way we receive information and indulge in entertainment. We no longer have to listen to the radio, watch TV, go to the movies, or pick up books at our local bookstore. Instead, we can get virtually of the information and entertainment we need with a few clicks of our mouse.

Digital videos, e-books, and audio products are appealing for two primary reasons: they’re affordable and they’re instantly downloadable. Because there is no manufacturing process per se, you don’t have to pay for tangible goods or packaging. Plus, those providing informational products and digital entertainment don’t have the high overhead costs of a brick-and-mortar retail outlet, such as leasing a storefront and paying salaries of sales associates. As a result, digital downloads are a fraction of the price of the similar items you’d buy at a store.

Similarly, digital information and entertainment offers the ultimate convenience. Because digital products are instantly downloadable, you can easily find what you want, pay for it, and download it in a matter of minutes. You never have to traipse to the store, face online backorders, or wait for your books, music, and videos to arrive in the mail.

Because the technology to create digital videos, e-books, and audio products is widely available, you have a greater choice than ever before. Indeed, you can find excellent sources of information and entertainment that mainstream publishers might overlook. Moreover, many sources of entertainment and informational products allow you to sample the wares before you buy, by enabling you to listen to a portion of the audio or read a few pages of the ebooks.

That’s not to say that, for example, bestsellers aren’t available on audio. You can find audio versions of James Patterson and Michael Connelly crime novels as well as non-fiction bestsellers like “Freakonomics” and “Preacher and the Presidents.”

But you can also find e-books on a wide range of topics written by experts who may never publish a bound book. For example, perhaps you love to garden and want to learn the secrets of bonsai gardening or how to do companion planting and design an organic, sustainable food system.

Because of the lead-time involved in publishing a book, e-books also allow you to get up to the minute information on timely topics. Take the current housing market, for example. If you’re a homeowner who wants to sell or an investor looking to take advantage of the increase in foreclosures, you can’t afford to wait a year or two for a book to be published to learn the best strategies for reaching your goal. E-books allow you to get the information you need right now.

Perhaps the best feature of downloadable products is flexibility. For example, you can download audio books without any special software, and then either listen to them, transfer them to an MP3 player, or burn them onto a CD.

Digital videos, e-books, and audio products are the wave of the future – and the future is today!

More info’s and free registrations (restricted to pros), please join our live seminar

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Applying FEA to Investigate the performance of Electrostatic Comb-Drive Actuators Utilized by on-a-chip systems

This study focuses on investigating the design parameters of lateral electrostatic comb-drive actuators, where the effect of these parameters on the actuation performance is explored using finite element analysis (FEA). This level of analysis is essential to the design process of system-on-a-chip microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications, where a comb drive can represent the main source of actuation within the chip system. Of particular interest to this study is the application of the electrostatic comb- drive motor as a fluidic pump in on-a-chip systems used for drug delivery or in cooling of microprocessors used in space vehicles. The commercial FE package ANSYS is utilized to construct a robust comb-drive model and solve its multiphysics interaction problem using the direct coupled-field analysis. In this model, the thickness, gap and overlap of the comb fingers are varied. The design of this model is also modulated to account for changes in the number of comb fingers and the applied driving voltage. The calculated comb displacement and generated electrostatic force are shown to be directly proportional to the number of comb fingers. Moreover, the generated electrostatic force is found to be inversely proportional to the gap between the comb fingers. As the thickness of these fingers increases, the displacement is found to increase for a given value of the driving voltage. The electrostatic force is also shown to be proportional to the offset (i.e., overlap) value between the fingers. To facilitate the use of the current study results in optimizing the design process of comb drives, an effort is made in the current work to condense these results into a compact nondimensional form that correlates the geometric and electrical parameters of the studied comb drive to the resulting displacement and force.

Cette e ́tude s’inte ́resse a` l’e ́tude par la me ́thode des e ́le ́ments finis des parame`tres de design des actionneurs e ́lectrostatiques late ́raux en peigne de meˆme que l’effet des parame`tres sur les performances des actionneurs. Une telle finesse d’analyse est ne ́cessaire a` la conception de dispositifs inte ́gre ́s dans les applications de syste`mes micro-e ́lectro-me ́caniques (MEMS) car l’entraˆınement en peigne peut constituer la principale source d’actionnement dans le syste`me inte ́gre ́. L’inte ́reˆt principal de cette approche est qu’elle peut s’appliquer a` la conception de moteurs a` peignes e ́lectrostatiques pour les pompes a` fluides dans les syste`mes sur une puce inte ́gre ́s pour la distribution de doses de me ́dicaments ou pour le refroidissement de micro-processeurs dans les ve ́hicules spatiaux. Un mode`le robuste de l’entraˆınement en peigne est construit graˆce au package logiciel d’e ́le ́ments finis ANSYS et pour re ́soudre le proble`me d’interaction multi-physique graˆce a` une analyse directe de champ couple ́. Dans le mode`le, on peut modifier l’e ́paisseur, l’espacement et le chevauchement entre les dents du peigne. La conception du mode`le prend aussi en compte la variation du nombre de dents du peigne et des valeurs de la tension d’entraˆınement. Le calcul des de ́placements des dents du peigne et de la force e ́lectrostatique ge ́ne ́re ́e montre leur de ́pendance directement proportionelle au nombre de dents du peigne. De plus, la force e ́lectrostatique ge ́ne ́re ́e est pour sa part inversement proportionnelle a` l’espacement entre les dents du peigne. Pour une valeur fixe de la tension d’entraˆınement, le de ́placement augmente avec l’e ́paisseur des dents du peigne. La force e ́lectrostatique est aussi proportionnelle a` l’offset entre les dents. L’utilisation de cette e ́tude pour l’optimisation du processus de conception de syste`mes d’entraˆınement a` peigne est facilite ́e par la pre ́sentation d’une forme compacte adimensionnelle corre ́lant les parame`tres ge ́ome ́triques et e ́lectriques de l’entraˆınement a` l’e ́tude au de ́placement et a` la force re ́sultants.

 

Hesham Ahmed, Walied Moussa, Wael Badawy, Medhat Moussa, “Applying FEA to Investigate the performance of Electrostatic Comb-Drive Actuators Utilized by on-a-chip systems” The Canadian Journal on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol. 27, No. 4, October 2002, pp. 195 – 200. Abstract